Beowolf essays

Beowolf papers Beowolf is the most established bit of British writing, and has made due for more than thirteen hundred years. Scops passed this epic for a long time until it was at long last recorded by a Christian priest in 700 A. D.. The legend Beowulf ceaselessly shows boldness all through this cartoonistic story which inevitably prompts audacity, an attribute of the human condition that is as yet legitimate This epic is a conventional decent versus insidious story. Beowolf fights three beasts all through the story. The initial two he accomplishes to benefit the individuals. His military expresses gratitude toward God when things go their path and all through the story there are references to both Christian and Pagan convictions, which gives it all inclusive intrigue. During his fight with Grendal, his mail shirt has extraordinary forces, like the intensity of God. Grendals brutal hooks can't contact Beowulf because of his ground-breaking mail shirt. At the point when he fights Grendals mother, he is given the blade of God. This blade is so amazing that it can cut off Grendals head. At that point Beowulf without any help conveys his head back to the individuals, a head that purportedly would require four ordinarily resilient men. Beowolf has a third courageous endeavor at executing another vexatious beast. Be that as it may, during his fifty years as lord he has become to some degree egocentric. Rather than attempting to execute the beast to benefit his kin, he does is on the grounds that he realizes he can and to substantiate himself, once more. He even goes similarly as advising his military not to support him, this is work for one man just; him. During this battle, he isn't helped by God and it prompts his death. The beast mythical beast bites the dust yet not before tearing Beowulfs throat. This story has endure several years for some reasons. It has a cartoonistic quality to it because of the itemized scenes of violence which gives it a hilarious quality. It was ... <! Beowolf articles Since he endures the epic excursion, Beowulfs superhuman force empowers him to achieve the status of epic legend. Beowulf begins his excursion equipped with his superhuman quality. He is the most grounded man alive and is known for his extraordinary grit. Beowulf and his 14 exceptional picked Geats propelled their boat...and started the excursion to cross the ocean. At the point when they show up they rush to tie up the vessel and the warriors offered gratitude to God for safe entry over the ocean. As they came inland they experience a coast monitor who by glancing in his eyes trusted Beowulf to be more respectable than most warriors in protective layer and permits them to pass. All he needed to do was persuade Hrothgar that he could carry out the responsibility. Beowulf at that point begins the second piece of turning into an epic legend by persuading Hrothgar the pioneer of an outside nation that he could do fight with the adversary. After showing up in Denmark he tells Hrothgar Geatish men have originated from far. Beowulf tells Hrothgar of how he discarded a group of five mammoths, and had tested Brecca to a swimming race however needed to remain adrift to kill nine beasts. Hrothgars pride would need to accept that Beowulf was there on account of past favors and, therefor permit him to assume the undertaking of killing Grendel. Hrothgar then takes Beowulf and his 14 Geats to Hereot. This is the place a large portion of Grendels strikes have come. As Hrothgar leaves for the night Beowulf says Here at Hereot I shay work my challenging deed or set out my life. As the sun fell his men started to fall alseep, yet Beowulf remained conscious sitting tight for Grendel. Grendel swing open the lobbies mouth itself and was in the lobby tearing and t earing everything in sight separated. When he got done with assaulting and executing one of the Geats he went for Beowulf. Beowulf with his superhuman quality gets Grendels arm. After they battle for sometim ... <!

Criticisms of the positivism approach

Reactions of the positivism approach This exposition plans to investigate and evaluate the reactions that have been leveled at the use of positivism inside human topography. It will turn out to be certain that the greater part of these reactions follow two interlinked topics: The possibility that such logical and quantitative methodologies depend on speculation and are shallow naturally, and that positivisms target approach will in general reject affirmation of people and their encounters. Be that as it may, in spite of the various defects of positivist methodologies, it is guileless to disregard the valuable parts of their nomothetic heading. This paper will presume that the gap between the positivist and non-positivist (humanistic, radical and Marxist) geographers ought not be viewed as a shortcoming in the order, yet rather as Geographys principle quality. As Ackerman (1958 p.74, refered to in Johnston, 1997) noted, most topographical research has managed a lot of speculation, yet it has offered importance to other r esearch endeavors which succeeded it. In this sense it has a square structure trademark. (p.17). The philosophical gap is hence in certainty valuable. Non positivist methodologies praise the speculations of the past progressively positivist examinations through extension and study. Before drenching into the distinct discussions characteristic of these reactions however, a concise history of positivism is fundamental so the investigates that follow can be comprehended on a relevant premise. Positivism is a philosophical methodology that can be applied to sociologies. The methodology was established upon the conviction that wonders of the human social world are the same as those of the characteristic inorganic and natural world (Unwin, 1992 p.31). Thus, the dad of positivism (Kitchin, 2006 p.20), Auguste Comte felt that social wonders ought to be contemplated utilizing progressively logical techniques. Kitchin (2006) clarifies this new methodology, first introduced in Quite a while mid nineteenth century compositions, concentrated on realities and facts that could be experimentally demonstrated and watched. Surely the thinking behind the authoring of the term positivism was the methodologies mean to organize real certainties. Comte requested target examines utilizing replicable techniques with the goal that regular laws could be created, he was therefore cavalier of otherworldly and regularizing inquiries as they were apparently difficult to reply from a logical angle. As positivism developed in impact it fanned into two principle headings; sensible positivism and basic realism (misrepresentation). Intelligent positivism, a result of the Vienna Circle during the 1920s, rotates around the possibility that a speculation ought to be set and vivaciously tried until it turns out to be factually obvious (Johnston et al, 2000). Popper (1976) then again proposed the perfect that something is just obvious until it is discredited, in this way scholastics ought to intend to invalidate speculations. Thusly this turns into a progressively target technique as you are not one-sided toward fulfilling the rules inside your own theory. Obviously there are imperfections with both of these goals. It is difficult to demonstrate numerous things without question, particularly when managing forms as entangled as those applied to human geology; and not all things can be adulterated, it is for instance impractical to distort something that can't be straightforwardly tried. All things considered, these two strands of positivism assumed a significant job in the use of the way of thinking inside human geology. While positivism set the foundation for the discussions that are to follow, the quantitative insurgency went about as the trigger. During the 1950s Geographys low notoriety as a science prompted an expansion in positivist and quantitative ways to deal with human geology as the order endeavored to legitimize itself by delivering laws dependent on observational proof (Unwin, 1992 p.106). Without a doubt geology had moved significantly from a customary idiographic graphic way to deal with that of a nomothetic, blossoming with proof and measurements. Obviously the two methodologies are as yet present in contemporary topography, yet the ascent in positivist research is unquestionable. This obviously drives us to the reactions that one portion of the topographical separation have leveled at their positivistic foes. As plot in the presentation, the greater part of the reactions focused on positivism in human topography are approximately based around its shallow nature, clearing articulations and absence of regulating questions. The main significant study of the positivist methodology is its over inclination to concentrate on space, this has been named spatial fetishism. Livingstone (1992, p.328) ventures to propose that Geographys encounter with the jargon of sensible positivism was a post hoc methods for supporting its endeavor to reconstitute itself as a spatial science. Geology ought to cover something beyond space and scales, without a doubt it is called human topography as its goal ought to be to reveal people groups encounters and communications with the world and one another. It is surely simple to censure positivism if its motivation was to organize spatial science over different geologies. The advancement of the control would positively be constrained if most of research depended distin ctly on quantitative spatial examination and demonstrating. Sack (1980) concurs that positivistic geographys spatial feitsh has been to the detriment of every single other part of geology. Collinge (2005) contends that an excess of spotlight on unmistakable spatial relations to society and social change can be deconstructive. He commends and requires a continuation of scrutinize against topographies current comprehension of room and society, rather recommending that collaborations between the two (the caring that can not be secured with mass speculations) ought to be concentrated all the more intimately with less spotlight on the qualification between the two measurements. While this exertion by Collinge and for sure new women's activist geographers is unquestionably honorable, it is a moderately powerless study as it offers no genuine arrangement. All things being equal, as Collinge himself deduced, investigate can really be productive, it does after all lead to additionally look into and thus further information on the world. Proceeding with the investigate of positivist geographys spatial fetishism, Sack (1980) additionally guarantees that this attention on space really serves to seclude space from time. This is one more investigate that recommends positivism to be deconstructive. Dynamism is at the core of topography, especially the human side. Quantitative examinations can be taken, relationships and examples can be watched, however the outcomes are continually going to be innately liable to change. To be sure positivisms nomothetic methodology intends to deliver laws, yet doesn't mull over all things. This is indispensable to Harveys (1973) contention as he guarantees that positivism disregards factors, for example, political and sociological movements that must be concentrated qualitively. Nonetheless, that doesn't imply that positivism doesnt have a place in topography. Regardless of whether we were to expect that positivism were just intrigued by spatial sciences, it is as yet a valuable way of thi nking, as is quantitativism a helpful apparatus. In a subject as powerful as topography subjective strategies alone couldn't adequately comprehend the world. While positivism is imperfect and overgeneralising, and could even be supposed to be a type of spatial fetishism, quantitative research can deliver fast outcomes. This obviously is essential in what is a consistently evolving scene. To return to the two principle topics of scrutinize sketched out in the presentation, positivist investigations are, or possibly were, shallow natured both as far as what, and how they broke down marvels. As Spate (1960) clarified, there is a requirement for quantitative topography, however the information that is picked up can't be communicated absolutely in number structure. It is beginning currently to turn out to be certain that the philosophical gap that exists inside geology may not be such a terrible thing all things considered. Positivist examinations are gaining the crude realities, all be it with now and again a summed up disposition, yet pundits are developing these realities, in this way designing a superior working information. Curiously however, a considerable lot of these reactions are approximately based around the legitimate side of positivism. The potential convenience of misrepresentation (regardless of its blemishes) in a consistently changing subject is interesting, in which case, realities need not really consistently be facts. A second arrangement of evaluates target positivisms free enterprise demeanor towards its exploration subjects. Maybe the key nonentity behind this study is David Harvey. Indeed, even in Harveys Explanation in Geography (1969, p.107), a book that wasnt astoundingly radical being one of his previous works, saw that it is stupid to propose that all our remarkable considerable issues will be explained just by the bit of the sparkling wand of logical clarification. By 1973 Harvey had gotten demoralized with the over dependence of positivist methodologies inside geology, not on the grounds that it so frequently neglected to inquire as to why things were as they were, yet to be specific because of its nonpartisanship and consequently its failure to take care of the issues that it so regularly revealed. It was this quietness and awkwardness which basically explain(ed) the need for a transformation in geographic idea (Harvey, 1973). Harveys insurgency to be specific brought about the making of both Marxist and Radical geographers (Kitchin, 2006). Without a doubt the impacts of this advancing geology are still felt today with the development of women's activist topography among different gatherings. By and by we arrive at the separation inside the discpilne. To rapidly sum up and repeat here, the dualism inside topography and the evaluate of positivist methodologies really ventured to make new parts of geology, something that must be gainful for look into purposes as the subject has developed to turn out to be more expanded than any time in recent memory. Most likely then the long for information inside geology is very extraordinary as it has ever been. While Kwan and Schwanen (2009) a

Reno, Janet

Reno, Janet Reno, Janet re ´no [key], 1938â€"2016, U.S. attorney general (1993â€"2001), b. Miami, Fla.; grad. Harvard Law School (1963). As assistant state's attorney (1973â€"76) and state's attorney (1976â€"93) for Dade Co., Fla., she became known for her attention to children's rights, drug cases, and juvenile justice reform. In 1993 she was appointed U.S. attorney general by President Clinton , becoming the first woman to hold the office. In her first year in office she came under national scrutiny for her role in the Waco , Tex., shootout between federal officers and Branch Davidians. Under Reno, the Justice Dept. took a relatively unaggressive stance on many law-enforcement issues, while pursuing a number of high-profile antitrust cases. She was the longest-serving attorney general of the 20th cent. Reno sought the 2002 Democratic nomination for Florida governor but narrowly lost the primary. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Al l rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Does Islam Equate To Terrorism Are Islamic Dominated Regions

Does Islam equate to terrorism? Are Islamic dominated regions of the world inhabitable and unsafe? Do Muslims always act against government laws? These thought-provoking and rather exasperating questions are consciously and subconsciously asked by society. Though populated, the Islamic religion is somewhat foreign to most developed and western countries and has fewer people that identifies with the monotheistic group in these regions. This has therefore caused the need for western communities to better understand the doctrines of this religion. They have however been unsuccessful with this as there are a lot of hate crimes, discriminations, and prejudices that has amounted from trying to understand the religious group. Knowing that most of†¦show more content†¦This prehistorical period is called jahiliyyah which means a time of ignorance. While their history is termed a time of ignorance, Islam is believed by historians to originate in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7t h century. Unlike other Abrahamic religions, Islam’s most important and historical source for their origin is the work of al-Tabari. Al-Tabari was a prominent Persian. The Tabaristan scholar was the main interpreter of the Qur’an who interprets and writes scholarly Arabic literatures in for societal consumption. At seven, Al-Tabari memorized the Qur’an and became a qualified prayer leader at eight. He began to study the prophetic traditions at nine and left home to study Muslim jurisprudence at around 850–851AD when he was twelve and from there, traveled round major Arabic regions of the world to interpret the Qur’an and spread the gospel of Allah. Although Al-Tabari was considered a wonderful historian and interpreter of his time, there were two major problems associated to the use of his work as a source for Muslims in the Islamic faith. One of the major reasons was that his writing enabled the free use of mythical, distorted, and stereotyped pre sentations of his context. Another reason was that his description of the beginning of Islam went contrary to most of the recorded events of Islam as a religion. Due to these major problems, four different methods to the approaches of Islam history evolved. TheseShow MoreRelatedRoot Cause of Terrorism in Pakistan3596 Words   |  15 PagesRoot Causes of terrorism In Pakistan :  Not only Pakistan but the whole world is facing the problems of prevailing terrorist activities in one or some other form. These activities and attacks are prevailing like the cancer in the whole world that may be the most developed nations or the third world countries. In Pakistan Some attribute the terrorism and these terrorist activities to the political instability, economic conditions, standard of lives of the masses. yet others attribute it to the religiousRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesCentury of Environmental Transitions †¢ Richard P. Tucker 315 About the Contributors †¢ 343 _ IN TR OD UC TIO N Michael Adas B y any of the customary measures we deploy to demarcate historical epochs, the twentieth century does not appear to be a very coherent unit. The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were severalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesfor Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses†

How to write a good-structured report

A report is a brief and specific summary of a research made on a topic, which can be an enterprise a small business an industry or whatever else needs to be reported. Being mostly needed for companies to know about different aspects of companys interests reports directly interact with practice and may involve the research on any specific issue. In academic sense reports are the practical assignments for students that give them a chance to see how the theoretical knowledge that they gained in college works in practice. This kind of work may be great aid for students in their future careers because they help get practical skills while still studying. This article may help students make good professional reports and structure them in the proper way. Reports are written in different fields but no matter what kind of report it is, it has to be structured and carefully planned. Of course there are always exceptions and any University or professor can have his specific details on structuring reports but in most cases all reports include: Title page It should contain the concrete topic, students name, ID, college name, course, date. Contents Brief outline of the report and its content. It gives the reader an ability to quickly understand what the report is all about and how it can be used. Abstract or Summary The most informative part of a report that includes the main ideas of the report, the conclusions made after writing and the adjustments recommended by author. It has to be written when the report is already done. Introduction Has to include the objectives of the report and the general background for writing report. Methodology The information about gathering data and making research has to be included here. The sources have to be specific and proved to be reliable. Results of findings The best way to provide large amounts of information in reports is through visual aids such as: charts, graphs, diagrams, pictures etc. Discussion Involves analyzing of the gathered information, outlining the most important issues and explaining their significance. 3Conclusion3 The part of the report that summarizes everything described in the body of a report and provides the recommendations regarding any problems found during research process. References References have to be listed in alphabetical order; data about every source has to be included (name of a book, author, data, and publisher). Appendices The materials somehow related to the report have to be included in this section. A good structured report also should be written in professional language, formal font (size 10-12), and be as easy to comprehend as possible. Always remember that report is not an essay and it should not include the thoughts and ideas not closely related to the topic. It has to be entirely devoted to the required subject and be good enough for anyone who has to read it. The reader wont need much time to browse through the chaotic structure that makes it confusing to understand. These guidelines may be helpful in writing your report and make it well structured and user friendly. Good luck in writing great REPORTS!!!

Sample Speech Free Essays

â€Å"Celebrity Culture has gone too far† Write a speech in which you attempt to persuade an audience that today’s obsession with the lives of the rich and famous has gone too far. Why are we so fascinated by the people who make no impact what-so-ever on our lives? Why do we go mad when some rich and famous person makes headlines in the newspapers and magazines for getting drunk at parties or for breaking up with their new boyfriend or girlfriend? Why do we consider these events as a big deal and try to follow up on all the news about it? Aren’t these so-called celebrities normal ordinary people just like each one of us? However, it is right to say that all of us idolize them, follow their every move, and treat them as modern gods. I can honestly say that there is no one sitting in front of me, who never had an obsession with a celebrity before in their life. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Good Afternoon ladies and gentleman, teachers and my fellow students; my name is Sinjumol Sunny and today, I will be talking about how our obsession with celebrity culture has gone too far. Do you think our obsessions are far beyond what they should be? Well, I certainly believe it has crossed its limits a long time ago. We live in a world full of new technologies, which gives us an unlimited access to the tabloids more than ever before. We have televisions, magazines, Internet blogs andsocial networking sites that are filled with enormous amounts of images and news of the world-wide known celebrities. We are at a time where we have more contact with celebrity gossip than we have had ever before. However, we are now faced with a question: what are the effects that these superstars have on us? I strongly believe that celebrities influence fans to be devastatingly thin, to get drunk and be high on drugs and they create a stereotypical image of perfection. Celebrities have become a terrible role model for many young people like us. Figures show that 77% of the peoplein this world believe that celebrities have too much of an influence on young girls. This effect isclear in the appearance and attitudes of young girls around us. They try to imitate the celebrity fashion and follow the latest trends. We have all seen girls as young as ten or twelve years old go around wearing tight clothing and mini skits. They spend hours working out to achieve a size zero figure. There is also a vast amount of girls who starve themselves every day or go on very unhealthy diets just to look like the stereotypical images created by the media and the celebrities. According to the National Institute on the media and the family,40% of nine and ten  year-olds had tried losing weight. This is totally outrageous and these young girls are getting influenced from celebrities like Madonna and Cheryl Cole who have gone too far with their size zero or even double zero figures. It annoys me to see celebrities who are constantly trying to out-skinny each other while this makes the average woman left feeling very conscious about their own figures. I strongly believe that this size zero trend needs to stop and people should be much more responsible about their health especially young girls. With celebrities creating impossible standards of beauty of goddesses, more and more young adults are feeling less confident, angrier, and more dissatisfied with their looks. Without doubt our obsession with the rich and famous celebrities has gone too far. It has gone past the stage that we are even risking our health and lives to follow them. I was shocked to hear that people are willing to hurt themselves because they are willing to do anything for their obsession. We all have seen the hash tags #cutforbieber trending on Twitter. Although it started as a joke, it was surprisingto see so many young girls actually harming themselves. I believe that self-harming is not a fashion or statement. It’s a sign that young people are experiencing extreme distress and need help. Another example of how our obsession with celebrity culture has gone too far is when I see people having their bodies filled with tattoos of their favourite celebrities. Although having one or two is acceptable, seeing One Direction fans with around 70 tattoos on them is without doubt crossing the line. Celebrities often get bizarre tattoos to be in the spotlight. We all know the large scaled tattoo that Cheryl Cole has on her back and Harry Style with countless numbers of tattoos on his body. Many fans are getting the identical tattoos. I believe this is really senselessand people need to be original and if you are putting any tattoo on your body, make it something special to you and something meaningful, rather than a copy of your favourite celebrity tattoo because you have an obsession on them. I believe that celebrity culture has pretty much taken over lives. It is alarming to know that celebrity news often takes the headlines in newspapers and channels above world events. Recently, the news of the birth of Prince George has received huge coverage in the papers so much thatthose important issues that were happening at the time such as the Syria crisis were overshadowed with the news of the new-born Prince. Also the death of Princesses Diana had been due to our obsession of celebrity culture going out of control. Shedied due to a high speed getaway from the reporters and paparazzi that came after her. Although the French courts ruled that photographers were not responsible for her death, it is a known fact that they were an inevitable source to her death and we had a major loss of a very beautiful and humble princess and great role model. It is clearly understood that our obsession with the rich and famous had a cost on us, and on them. Let me ask you a question. Who is your role model? I’m sure almost 90% of you have thought of a celebrity’s name. But are they really and truly the person you want to turn out to be. It is a known fact that many celebrities take drugs. We see them getting high in leaked pictured of private parties and even some showing up drunk at concerts and public functions. It is shameful to think that we are also following what they do and putting our lives at risk. Drinking alcohol and taking drugs seems to be acceptable to many people because their celebrity role models are taking them. However we also do need to think about people such as Michael Jackson and Amy Winehouse who have passed away due to the high intake of drugs. We also see celebrities going into rehabilitation centre because they are so dependent on it. Do we want to turn out like them? On a final note, let us rise up now and stop letting celebrity culture teach us what to do. Let’s be original, and be the person that we truly are inside. Today’s obsession with the lives of the rich and famous has gone too far. Let us stop it there before it gets too late and out of hand. Let’s do it together. We’ve heard what we have to do. We’ve seen what we need to do. Now is the time to do it, and, together, we can stop our obsession with celebrity culture. Thank you, How to cite Sample Speech, Papers

Samsung in Apple patent Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Samsung in Apple patent. Answer: Introduction: The ICT professionalism plays a vital role in every organization and also on the general public. ICT professionals posses the comprehensive and the required understanding that is relevant to the body of knowledge. An ICT professional is the one who is eligible for the member of the profession level and should posses the discussed skills, capabilities and knowledge such as the theoretical and the factual knowledge of the ICT in the broader context; having the coherent knowledge of the field and involves the critical understanding of the principles and theories; exercise supervision and management related to the working environment; is committed towards the ethical professional practice against the code of conduct (Ramadhan, Indra, Murni, 2011). The Information Communication Technology includes the hardware, software and the intranet for sharing information by the organization. The moral values and Ethics play a major role in the functioning of an organsisation without being bias.The ICt professional are responsible for accvy promoting te standards which arepromie he ogansation with the supporting professionals and the professionalism (Ramadhan, Indra, Murni, 2011). This essay will discuss the ethical issues of the ICt professionalism in the case of Samsung, Apple patent damage and develop an understanding of the ethical issues related to the ICT professionalism through the classic theories of ethics. In the case, the ICT professional are accountable for the effectiveness and quality of the work (Ramadhan, Indra, Murni, 2011). The ICT on the fast pace is persistently placing its role in everyone life and the approach through which the ICT professionals are performing the duties with the subject of the greater scrutiny (Ramadhan, Indra, Murni, 2011). In the case, the ICT professionals havent followed the code of conduct and crossed the company morals and ethical dilemmas and copied the Apple company patent products (Heersmink, van den Hoven, van Eck, van den Berg, 2011). The company Samsung has to function as per the law, rules, and regulations of the ethics Ethical Issues: The latest technology in the companies is required for the purpose of the exchange and also to store the important information required by the companies (Ramadhan, Indra, Murni, 2011). For this, the ICT professionals are to e occupied with such skills and to take care that the required exchange of the data in an organization is done in an ethical way without losing the vital information to the other parties or organizations or misusing the required information for the personal interest (Heersmink, van den Hoven, van Eck, van den Berg, 2011). The manipulation or copying the information of the company causes serious issues related to the ethical dilemma of the data security of an organization. In the case of the Apple VS Samsung, there is a serious concern related to the companys ethical dilemma as the other company copied the patent services and features of the Apple product. The code of conduct and ethics both offers the benchmark for the ICT professionals and the members mutually with the proficient standards. The ethics code, enshrined six principles which are to be followed by the ICT professionals are; primarily related to public interest, the excellence of life to be enhanced; honesty; competence; professional development and professionalism. Such principles of the ethics help the ICT professionals to uphold the unethical and the inappropriate challenges related to the usage of the technology (Ramadhan, Indra, Murni, 2011). The emergence usage of the data and technology increases the concerns related to the ethical behaviour among the ICT professionals. In the case, it was the responsibility of the Apple Company to keep the company data secure and confidently within the organization. Ethical Theories: Ethics include the systematizations and the recommendations regarding what is the right and wrong concept. The different ethical theorist states that ICT professionalism is the valuable concept with the several pros and cons (McNamee, 2007). The ethical actions not only uplift the reputation of the company, whereas ethically the wrong doing also hurts the morale of the company and damage the relations. Discuss about the perception of ICT professionalism from different perspective of the ethical theories. Consequentialist Theory The consequentialist theory asserts that the simple ethical findings involve the conditions to be intrinsically good or bad. Utilitarianism is a vital theory of Consequentiality. Utilitarianism emphasizes to act morally auctioning in the right way to cause less harm and betterment in the larger way (McNamee, 2007). The theory provides the base for the ethical issues and develops the great understanding about the existence and the importance of the rights. The theory of Consequentialist mainly emphasizes on the policies consequences within the constraints of justice. The present Consequentialist as the theoretically and practically sound approach towards the ethical issues related to the computer and information ethics. Utilitarianism theory helps ICT professionals to act accordingly and perform the policies as per the cost base and benefits the society. Professionalism is to act for the good and not to harm or affect the individual for the self interest or benefits (Berzai, 2017). As per the theory, the professionals are enabled to act beyond emotions and to act profitably with the practical consequences and resolving the issues with the positive outcomes (Berzai, 2017). Theory of Utilitarianism in the ICT professionalism is the motive of achieving the personal relationship with the clients, society, employer and the co-professionalism (Berzai, 2017). Deontological Theory According to the theory of the Deontological; any action is done in the sense of duty, if the action is to be universalized then the action is to be right. All the concerned actions have the significance whether from such actions goods comes out and the theory values each and every individual value. Theory of deontological asserts that in case the action done is not to act in the correct way and constructs the better end (Berzai, 2017). The theory at first is encased with the rights of language. In the case the action is done with the sense of duty to the consumer and in the case the principle is universalized and hence the action of the company is to be right in the favour of the consumer (Berzai, 2017). According to the theory, it values the rights of the each and every individual. The professional's act affects the social and physical environment; hence ethics play a vital role ICT professionals act. Conclusion: Samsung, Apple patent case; ICT professionals of both organizations have to get hold of the lead for considering the implication of the ethics in the project and no individual is affected by such an action of the company (Davey, Tatnall, 2014). The ethical dilemma of the company also desires the ICT professionals for taking into consideration the inference of such procedures on the employees, consumers, and others. The ICT Professionalism consists of the various disciplines; each of such disciplines requires the wider sets of skills in order to knowledgeably embark on certain precise functions. Significantly, and in the light of how such vital ICTs become to the societies and virtually in different aspects of lives such as the finances, physical safety, and health. This becomes important increasingly that the professionals or the specialists employed or contracted, acquire the requisite attitude and competencies, and takes the complete responsibility for the work commence by them (Davey, Tatnall, 2014). References Berzai, l. (2017).How Ethical Theories Apply to IT Professionals - Association of Information Technology Professionals.Aitp.org. Retrieved 10 May 2017, from https://www.aitp.org/news/93013/How-Ethical-Theories-Apply-to-IT-Professionals.htm Davey, B., Tatnall, A. (2014). Aspects of Professionalism, Ethics and Lifelong Learning for Australian ICT Professionals.Journal Of Law And Governance,4(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.15209/jbsge.v4i3.164 Heersmink, R., van den Hoven, J., van Eck, N., van den Berg, J. (2011). Bibliometric mapping of computer and information ethics.Ethics And Information Technology,13(3), 241-249. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10676-011-9273-7 McNamee, D. (2007). Information Ethics and Disaster Grants.Journal Of Information Ethics,16(1), 70-73. https://dx.doi.org/10.3172/jie.16.1.70 Ramadhan, A., Indra, D., Murni, A. (2011). e-Government Ethics : a Synergy of Computer Ethics, Information Ethics, and Cyber Ethics.International Journal Of Advanced Computer Science And Applications,2(8). https://dx.doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2011.020816 Tavani, H. (2012). Computer Ethics as a Field of Applied Ethics.Journal Of Information Ethics,21(2), 52-70. https://dx.doi.org/10.3172/jie.21.2.52

Goals Of The Monetary Policy Essays - Unemployment, Monetary Policy

Goals Of The Monetary Policy Goals of monetary policy are to promote maximum employment, inflation (stabilizing prices), and economic growth. If economists believe it's possible to achieve all the goals at once, the goals are inconsistent. There are limitations to monetary policy. The term maximum employment means that we should try to hold the unemployment rate as low as possible without pushing it below what economists call the natural rate or the full- employment rate. Pushing unemployment below that level would cause inflation to rise and thereby ruin the other objective--stable prices, economic growth, which is our objectives in the long run. Overall financial stability will lead to a better balance between consumption and saving that will make resources available for investment purposes, reduce changes in the economy created by the inflation in the past, and by the reactions of savers, as well as fostering high and sustainable economic growth; and contribute towards an investor friendly environment that will attract foreign investors to the country. Evidence has suggested that economies perform better, in terms of growth, employment and living standards, in low inflation environments than they do when inflation is persistently high. This evidence is a comparison across countries over long periods. The association between economic performance, measured by growth of output or growth of productivity, and inflation. This indicates a negative relation; that is, the higher the inflation, the lower the rate of real growth. Evidence suggesting that low inflation promotes growth has motivated recent decisions by a number of central banks and governments, most notably New Zealand. Canada, the United Kingdom and Sweden also have moved in recent years to establish monetary policy with official low inflation targets. Decisions to adopt a policy objective of low inflation suggest that other policy-makers are reading the evidence pertaining to inflation and growth as we are. Consistent attempts to expand the economy beyond its potential for production will result in higher and higher inflation, while ultimately failing to produce lower average unemployment. Therefore, most economists would argue that there are no long-term gains from consistently pursuing expansionary policies. Monetary policy can determine the economy's average rate of inflation in the long run. And that's important for the economy, because high inflation can hinder economic growth. For example, when inflation is high, it also tends to vary a lot, and that makes people uncertain about what inflation will be in the future. That uncertainty can hinder economic growth in a couple of ways--it adds an inflation risk premium to long-term interest rates and it complicates the planning and contracting by business and labor that are so essential to capital formation. High inflation also hinders economic growth in other ways. For example, because the tax system isn't in agreement with inflation, high inflation arbitrarily helps and hurts different sectors of the economy. In addition, it makes people spend their time hedging against inflation instead of pursuing more productive activities. Because the government can determine the economy's average rate of inflation, some commentators--and some members of Congress as well--have emphasized the need to define the goals of monetary policy in terms of price stability, which is achievable. One kind of conflict involves deciding which goal should take precedence at any point in time. For example, the government needs to be careful to avoid letting short-run temporary successes in preventing employment losses during recessions lead to longer-run failures in maintaining low inflation. Another kind of conflict involves the potential for pressure from the political arena. For example, in the day-to-day course of governing the country and making economic policy, politicians may be tempted to put the emphasis on short-run results rather than on the longer-run health of the economy. The government is somewhat insulated from such pressure, however, by its independence, which allows it to achieve a more appropriate balance between short-run and long-run objectives. When unemployment is high the policy that should take place is inflation should increase slightly to drive up prices in order to cause increases in output. When unemployment is below average and nearing full employment the policy that should take place is to slightly lower the productivity of the workers and therefore cause a decrease in the output. This would slow the economy down and into the ideal condition of maximum employment. When the production is at its maximum and unemployment at a minimum the government must raise the inflation rate in order to make sure that the situation stays where it is. It must be sure not to raise inflation too sharply or else everyone will be afraid to spend their money. The belief

Anna Garcia Lab Report Essays

Anna Garcia Lab Report Essays Anna Garcia Lab Report Paper Anna Garcia Lab Report Paper Anna Garcia was found dead in her entry hall way by the police at 9:56 am on the notice from Doug Greene who was worried and called 91 1 at 9:45 am. The suspects were/are Alex Garcia, Eric Piedmont, Doug Greene, and Lucy Lifelong. The evidence supports the case of it being none of them. I have received the suspect list, external autopsy report, and other evidence collected. So far the internal autopsy is needed to confirm any hypotheses and now all thoughts of how Anna Garcia died is only a hypothesis. Summary of Findings: Anna Garcia was found dead at 9:56 am by local police. My findings are that none of the suspects committed any crime related to Anna Garlics death. In support of this, the finger prints, blood analyses, shoe print, hair, and was unknown substance/Aspirin all show that none belonged to anyone but Anna. I believe that a disease or some other foreign pathogen caused her death, the thing that killed her I belief is Ryes syndrome. To support this it is caused by aspirin and when recovering from an illness. It also causes vomiting (was on corpse), irritability and aggression (was reported she was in arguments and fighting with many people), and causes edema (on corpse in ankles). Her body also had a injury on her head were she is thought to have fallen and hit her head, I suspect on the over turned table in the crime scene. Conclusion: In all the findings support Ryes syndrome. The findings are her; blood tests, suspect stories, and fair amounts of information that suggest no person was involved all support that the manner of her death was natural, and not foul play for anyone to get ahead.

Ink Painting In China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ink Painting In China - Essay Example China is known for its rich history in paintings, as well as, the embraced art forms. There are numerous characteristics in Chinese ink paintings that were used in the traditional mode of painting. Ink paintings in China are based on genres and themes that were acceptable in the traditional Chinese cultures. However, western educated Chinese artists changed these aspects by introducing ink paintings after returning to China. Contrary to the traditional painting in China, ink painting focused more on bringing out more vivid aspects of nature. These artists changed a lot of things, and there is no discussion of modern Chinese art can be completed without discussing Xu Beihong’s work and its influence on ink painting. Xu Beihong (195-1953) had the skill to combine modern and ancient techniques in accomplishing his best work. His works amalgamated the impressionistic utilization of color and light coupled with keen adherence to shape and structure. Xu Beihong’s works will, therefore, assist in the critical understanding of Chines ink art and why or how the western educated Chinese adapted ink painting after returning to their country, as well as, the differences between these works and traditional ink art.

Is the Good News about Compliance Goods News about International Law Essay

Is the Good News about Compliance Goods News about International Law - Essay Example In the case of the Guatemala and Belize, they agreed to appear before the International Court of Justice with a condition of passing a referendum on a question by October. The Court was therefore unable to convince the members of the states to decide disagreements which failed on the prosecution. This case reveals to us that the stability of the International law to handle problems faced by its members at the moment with regards to the formation of a stable coalition to prosecute such issues becomes questionable. The main contentious issue in this scenario is the conflict of interest between the member states and the jury. The leadership systems of many states especially the developing states are partial to their interests and would not like being exposed for the determination of justice. Conversely, the law is concerned with ensuring that all the provisions are met and that the judgments are made based on the facts rather than notions fostered by fallacies. A clear reflection on these issues has great effect on the decisions made by different countries. This is evident in the way the Guatemala’s did not make decisions when it came to October 2013 as agreed in the ICJ. They feared to be removed from office for being the first administration to seal acknowledgements with the Belize. Thus Guatemala acted in their favor due to the repercussions they would face after running the referendum. These early choices have great influence on countries’ subsequent decisions to comply with international treaties and decisions from legal institutions. The enforcement mechanisms of the international law takes both positive and negative forms. The positive mechanisms incorporate incentives or promises that might be in monetary forms so as to encourage compliance. There is transparency whereby there is gathering and sharing of useful information concerning the fact of issue at the basic level. The second mechanism is bureaucracy which, according to Chayes and Chayes

Individual and Combined Healing Techniques Experiment

Individual and Combined Healing Techniques Experiment Smart materials: The materials that have one or more properties that can be changed in a controlled way by an external stimuli such as heat, light, pressure, electric field etc. Examples: Piezoelectric: these materials produce a voltage when stress is applied Magnetic shape memory: these materials change their shape in response to magnetic field PH sensitive polymers: these materials change their volume with change in their surrounding ph. Chromogenic systems: these materials change their color with thermal, opticall and electrical changes Temperature responsive polymers: these materials change their behavior with change in temperature. and many more as Smart inorganic polymers, Halo chromic,Ferro fluid,Photomechanical materials, Self-healing materials, Magneto caloric materialsetc. Smart materials in construction industry: since the dawn of humanity, having a proper place to live under has been the prime need of humans, to tackle this the humans have started building shelters using natural available materials.wiht the passage of time the human being evolved and their requirementsincreased, and a new era of construction begin in which they combined utilizedscientific methods to build huge sky scrapers of different shapes and heights. In the twentieth century to achieve certain automated functions and artificial intelligent systems, certain materials that could decide on their own in limited ways were developed. Since then aloof research has been done in this field and it has also been utilized in construction industry in manyways I-e It is used in windows to automatically close and open in response to light and temperature, it is also used in rooms electric control systems to switch on and off depending on the requirements, It is used in central cooling and central heating system to control the room temperature.it is also used in concrete to introduce certain qualities, Self healing concrete: The concrete that fix its own crack is called the self healing concrete Introduction: Concrete is a core building material. But even concrete starts to crumble when it comes face-to-face with water, wind, stress and pressure. it is the worlds most usable material since 2000 years when then romans built pantheon.and the durability of the concrete has always been under question.since centuries a lot of money, effort and time spent in repairing concrete structures. different types and different of concrete has been tested and utilised,but the issue of cracking hasn,t been solved yet,which reduces the life span of the concrete. The current method of dealing with structural instability in concrete has been to replace or repair it. But what if all you had to do was add a little water? A new type of smart concrete. A concrete that could heal itself and work well till its service life. Types: There are two types of self-healing concrete: bending concrete bio concrete Bending concrete: They consist of polymer fiber thick as human hairs. They are 40% lighter in weight. They are 500 times more resistant to cracking Bio concrete: Bio concrete consist of concrete mix with bacteria called extremophiles. When a crack occurs in the concrete, the bacteria actively produces lime, thus healing the cracks. Mechanism of self healing concrete: Mineral producing bacteria has been found that could help heal micro cracks inconcrete. since 2006 at the Civil Engineering and Geosciences Faculty in Delft A healing agent that activates when certain bacteria added in the concrete convert nutrients into limestone has been under development. The science behind self-healing concrete The project team have investigated individual and combined healing techniques in the laboratory and at the field-scale. The individual healing techniques address damage at various lengths and timescales. These include encapsulating healing agents, bacterial healing agents, and crack closure using shape memory polymer tendons and repeated supply of healing agents through vascular networks. We explore how these work in a bit more detail below: Healing agents small grain sized ingredients areused as healing agents. These capsules are termed as microcapsules. Once the concrete sets the capsules are in dormant condition unless a crack is formed and it ruptures releasing the materials that fills the gap and recovers it. The mechanism stops the entrance of other substances and thus strengthens it. Bacterial action A solution containing self-healing bacteria is mixed within the concrete mix. In their trails scientists used different types of self-healing bacteria. But the bacteria bacillus pseudofirmus mixed with light weight aggregates in the form of pearlites worked the best. Memory polymer tendons Memory polymers have also the healing capability to close any cracks that results later after exposure. In a trial these polymers were manufactured into tendons tied onto the reinforcement .these could be activated by a heating wire system. Repeated supply of healing agent through vascular networks Artificial channels were strategically placed within concrete structures through which healing agents could be supplied under pressure. By combining all the above mentioned mechanics the healing efficiency of the concrete could be increased. Preparation of bacterial concrete: We have two methods: direct application encapsulation in light weight concrete Direct application: In this method,while making the concrete, the bacteria and its food calcium lactate are mixed with the mixture. In this process when a crack occurs the bacteria pores break and the bacteria gets active and feeds on calcium lactate and as a result limestone is produced. Encapsulation method: This method is expensive however effective.in this method bacteria and its food, calcium lactate are formed into pellets and then these pellets are mixed into the concrete. About 6% of bacteria is used in making self-healing concrete. When a crack is formed in the concrete the pellets are broken and the bacteria is released and then the bacteria starts its healing action and thus the cracks are recovered. Testing of bacterial concrete and its result: Sample: In this test concrete disks are prepared by mixing porousaggregates, bacteria and its food to make a self-healing concrete disks. The samples are cured for 56 days. Tests performed on samples: Tensile test: deformation tensile controlled splitting test is performed on the disks. Permeability test: after cracking of the disks, the concrete is place in permeability setup in which water is applied at one end for 24 hours. Test results: After cracking and permeability test, the cracks were healed and the results were obtained. The result showed that the healing of the bacterial concrete was far greater than normal concrete. UKs first trial of self-healing concrete: this is a university led project in which the different types of self healing concretes are tested. The project is named entitled materials for life.in this project three separate self-healing technologies will be used for the first time in real world setting. The overall aim of the Cardiff-led project is to develop a single system that can be embedded into concrete when it is initially set, and then automatically sense when damage occurs. Once damage is detected, the system will be able to repair itself autonomously without the need for human intervention The first technique is using shape shifting materials, called shape memory polymers, which are used to repair large concrete cracks. In the technique, both inorganic and organic bacteria will be injected through thin tunnels into the concrete to fix the cracks. In the third technique, tiny capsules containing bacteria and its food will be embedded in the concrete, so when a crack occurs in concrete the capsules will collapse and heal the cracks. In this research, the researchers have cast six concrete walls, each containing different technology. The team will load the concrete at different angles to induce cracks at different positions and then measure how effective each of the applied technique is. Advantages: Theself-healing concrete reduces the maintenance and the repair costs of the reinforced concrete structures. Oxygen is the main cause of the corrosion of steel in reinforced structures, the bacteria present in self-healing concrete mixture reduces the corrosion of the steel. It can be used for the maintenance of places and structures where the human accessibility is dangerous or impossible I-e- underwater structures, dams, tunnels etc., thus reducing the human losses in construction industry. The crack will be repaired in its initial stages, so the life of the building will increase, making it more sustainable. Disadvantages: If the volume of the bacteria is increased than 20% in self-healingconcrete, the strength of the concrete reduces. It is still in beginner stages, thats why no wide spread use have. Bacteria and calcium lactate are the two main ingredients of the self-healingconcrete, and making of calcium lactate from milk is costly, thus making the self-healing concrete cost double that of conventional concrete. Not practically used in real life buildings, thats why people are reluctant to its use. Skilled labour is required Applications: Self-healing concrete can be used in sectors such as Marine structures Underground retaining walls Highway bridges Basement walls Concrete flooring Tunnel lining Conclusion: Self-healing concrete, is still at its initial development stage and vast research is required in this area, because it is not easily achievable and is costly which makes it difficult to use. But with all its cons it have some good attributes such as self-healing and corrosion reducer. it is an effective and smart material which if further research is carried on, can be the future of concrete structures, enhancing the life span and strength of concrete structures. References: National building specifications (NBS) Delft university/structural department/research articles/webredactie Cardiff university research journal www.iflscience.com www.concrete.org.uk   

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 68-72

CHAPTER 68 New York editor Jonas Faukman had just climbed into bed for the night when the telephone rang. A little late for callers, he grumbled, picking up the receiver. An operator's voice asked him,† Will you accept charges for a collect call from Robert Langdon?† Puzzled, Jonas turned on the light. â€Å"Uh†¦ sure, okay.† The line clicked. â€Å"Jonas?† â€Å"Robert? You wake me up and you charge me for it?† â€Å"Jonas, forgive me,† Langdon said. â€Å"I'll keep this very short. I really need to know. The manuscript I gave you. Have you – â€Å" â€Å"Robert, I'm sorry, I know I said I'd send the edits out to you this week, but I'm swamped. Next Monday. I promise.† â€Å"I'm not worried about the edits. I need to know if you sent any copies out for blurbs without telling me?† Faukman hesitated. Langdon's newest manuscript – an exploration of the history of goddess worship – included several sections about Mary Magdalene that were going to raise some eyebrows. Although the material was well documented and had been covered by others, Faukman had no intention of printing Advance Reading Copies of Langdon's book without at least a few endorsements from serious historians and art luminaries. Jonas had chosen ten big names in the art world and sent them all sections of the manuscript along with a polite letter asking if they would be willing to write a short endorsement for the jacket. In Faukman's experience, most people jumped at the opportunity to see their name in print. â€Å"Jonas?† Langdon pressed. â€Å"You sent out my manuscript, didn't you?† Faukman frowned, sensing Langdon was not happy about it. â€Å"The manuscript was clean, Robert, and I wanted to surprise you with some terrific blurbs.† A pause. â€Å"Did you send one to the curator of the Paris Louvre?† â€Å"What do you think? Your manuscript referenced his Louvre collection several times, his books are in your bibliography, and the guy has some serious clout for foreign sales. Sauniere was a no-brainer.† The silence on the other end lasted a long time. â€Å"When did you send it?† â€Å"About a month ago. I also mentioned you would be in Paris soon and suggested you two chat. Did he ever call you to meet?† Faukman paused, rubbing his eyes. â€Å"Hold on, aren't you supposed to bein Paris this week?† â€Å"I am in Paris.† Faukman sat upright. â€Å"You called me collect from Paris?† â€Å"Take it out of my royalties, Jonas. Did you ever hear back from Sauniere? Did he like the manuscript?† â€Å"I don't know. I haven't yet heard from him.† â€Å"Well, don't hold your breath. I've got to run, but this explains a lot Thanks.† â€Å"Robert – â€Å"But Langdon was gone. Faukman hung up the phone, shaking his head in disbelief Authors, he thought. Even the sane ones are nuts. Inside the Range Rover, Leigh Teabing let out a guffaw. â€Å"Robert, you're saying you wrote a manuscript that delves into a secret society, and your editor sent a copy to that secret society?† Langdon slumped. â€Å"Evidently.† â€Å"A cruel coincidence, my friend.† Coincidence has nothing to do with it, Langdon knew. Asking Jacques Sauniere to endorse a manuscript on goddess worship was as obvious as asking Tiger Woods to endorse a book on golf. Moreover, it was virtually guaranteed that any book on goddess worship would have to mention the Priory of Sion. â€Å"Here's the million-dollar question,† Teabing said, still chuckling. â€Å"Was your position on the Priory favorable or unfavorable?† Langdon could hear Teabing's true meaning loud and clear. Many historians questioned why the Priory was still keeping the Sangreal documents hidden. Some felt the information should have been shared with the world long ago. â€Å"I took no position on the Priory's actions.† â€Å"You mean lack thereof.† Langdon shrugged. Teabing was apparently on the side of making the documents public. â€Å"I simply provided history on the brotherhood and described them as a modern goddess worship society, keepers of the Grail, and guardians of ancient documents.† Sophie looked at him. â€Å"Did you mention the keystone?† Langdon winced. He had. Numerous times. â€Å"I talked about the supposed keystone as an example of the lengths to which the Priory would go to protect the Sangreal documents.† Sophie looked amazed. â€Å"I guess that explains P. S. Find Robert Langdon.† Langdon sensed it was actually something else in the manuscript that had piqued Sauniere's interest, but that topic was something he would discuss with Sophie when they were alone. â€Å"So,† Sophie said, â€Å"you lied to Captain Fache.† â€Å"What?† Langdon demanded. â€Å"You told him you had never corresponded with my grandfather.† â€Å"I didn't! My editor sent him a manuscript.† â€Å"Think about it, Robert. If Captain Fache didn't find the envelope in which your editor sent the manuscript, he would have to conclude that you sent it.† She paused. â€Å"Or worse, that you hand- delivered it and lied about it.† When the Range Rover arrived at Le Bourget Airfield, Remy drove to a small hangar at the far end of the airstrip. As they approached, a tousled man in wrinkled khakis hurried from the hangar, waved, and slid open the enormous corrugated metal door to reveal a sleek white jet within. Langdon stared at the glistening fuselage. â€Å"That's Elizabeth?† Teabing grinned. â€Å"Beats the bloody Chunnel.† The man in khakis hurried toward them, squinting into the headlights. â€Å"Almost ready, sir,† he called in a British accent. â€Å"My apologies for the delay, but you took me by surprise and – † He stopped short as the group unloaded. He looked at Sophie and Langdon, and then Teabing. Teabing said, â€Å"My associates and I have urgent business in London. We've no time to waste. Please prepare to depart immediately.† As he spoke, Teabing took the pistol out of the vehicle and handed it to Langdon. The pilot's eyes bulged at the sight of the weapon. He walked over to Teabing and whispered,† Sir, my humble apologies, but my diplomatic flight allowance provides only for you and your manservant. I cannot take your guests.† â€Å"Richard,† Teabing said, smiling warmly,† two thousand pounds sterling and that loaded gun say you can take my guests.† He motioned to the Range Rover. â€Å"And the unfortunate fellow in the back.† CHAPTER 69 The Hawker 731's twin Garrett TFE-731 engines thundered, powering the plane skyward with gut- wrenching force. Outside the window, Le Bourget Airfield dropped away with startling speed. I'm fleeing the country, Sophie thought, her body forced back into the leather seat. Until this moment, she had believed her game of cat and mouse with Fache would be somehow justifiable to the Ministry of Defense. I was attempting to protect an innocent man.I was trying to fulfill my grandfather's dying wishes.That window of opportunity, Sophie knew, had just closed. She was leaving the country, without documentation, accompanying a wanted man, and transporting abound hostage. If a† line of reason† had ever existed, she had just crossed it. At almost the speed of sound. Sophie was seated with Langdon and Teabing near the front of the cabin – the Fan Jet ExecutiveElite Design, according to the gold medallion on the door. Their plush swivel chairs were bolted to tracks on the floor and could be repositioned and locked around a rectangular hardwood table. A mini-boardroom. The dignified surroundings, however, did little to camouflage the less than dignified state of affairs in the rear of the plane where, in a separate seating area near the rest room, Teabing's manservant Remy sat with the pistol in hand, begrudgingly carrying out Teabing's orders to stand guard over the bloody monk who lay trussed at his feet like a piece of luggage. â€Å"Before we turn our attention to the keystone,† Teabing said,† I was wondering if you would permit me a few words.† He sounded apprehensive, like a father about to give the birds-and-the-bees lecture to his children. â€Å"My friends, I realize I am but a guest on this journey, and I am honored as such. And yet, as someone who has spent his life in search of the Grail, I feel it is my duty to warn you that you are about to step onto a path from which there is no return, regardless of the dangers involved.† He turned to Sophie. â€Å"Miss Neveu, your grandfather gave you this cryptex in hopes you would keep the secret of the Holy Grail alive.† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Understandably, you feel obliged to follow the trail wherever it leads.† Sophie nodded, although she felt a second motivation still burning within her. The truth about my family.Despite Langdon's assurances that the keystone had nothing to do with her past, Sophie still sensed something deeply personal entwined within this mystery, as if this cryptex, forged by her grandfather's own hands, were trying to speak to her and offer some kind of resolution to the emptiness that had haunted her all these years. â€Å"Your grandfather and three others died tonight,† Teabing continued,† and they did so to keep this keystone away from the Church. Opus Dei came within inches tonight of possessing it. You understand, I hope, that this puts you in a position of exceptional responsibility. You have been handed a torch. A two-thousand-year-old flame that cannot be allowed to go out. This torch cannot fall into the wrong hands.† He paused, glancing at the rosewood box. â€Å"I realize you have been given no choice in this matter, Miss Neveu, but considering what is at stake here, you must either fully embrace this responsibility†¦ or you must pass that responsibility to someone else.† â€Å"My grandfather gave the cryptex to me. I'm sure he thought I could handle the responsibility.† Teabing looked encouraged but unconvinced. â€Å"Good. A strong will is necessary. And yet, I amcurious if you understand that successfully unlocking the keystone will bring with i t a far greatertrial.† â€Å"How so?† â€Å"My dear, imagine that you are suddenly holding a map that reveals the location of the Holy Grail. In that moment, you will be in possession of a truth capable of altering history forever. You will be the keeper of a truth that man has sought for centuries. You will be faced with the responsibility of revealing that truth to the world. The individual who does so will be revered by many and despised by many. The question is whether you will have the necessary strength to carry out that task.† Sophie paused. â€Å"I'm not sure that is my decision to make.† Teabing's eyebrows arched. â€Å"No? If not the possessor of the keystone, then who?† â€Å"The brotherhood who has successfully protected the secret for so long.† â€Å"The Priory?† Teabing looked skeptical. â€Å"But how? The brotherhood was shattered tonight. Decapitated, as you so aptly put it. Whether they were infiltrated by some kind of eavesdropping or by a spy within their ranks, we will never know, but the fact remains that someone got to them and uncovered the identities of their four top members. I would not trust anyone who stepped forward from the brotherhood at this point.† â€Å"So what do you suggest?† Langdon asked. â€Å"Robert, you know as well as I do that the Priory has not protected the truth all these years to have it gather dust until eternity. They have been waiting for the right moment in history to share their secret. A time when the world is ready to handle the truth.† â€Å"And you believe that moment has arrived?† Langdon asked. â€Å"Absolutely. It could not be more obvious. All the historical signs are in place, and if the Priory did not intend to make their secret known very soon, why has the Church now attacked?† Sophie argued,† The monk has not yet told us his purpose.† â€Å"The monk's purpose is the Church's purpose,† Teabing replied,† to destroy the documents that reveal the great deception. The Church came closer tonight than they have ever come, and the Priory has put its trust in you, Miss Neveu. The task of saving the Holy Grail clearly includes carrying out the Priory's final wishes of sharing the truth with the world.† Langdon intervened. â€Å"Leigh, asking Sophie to make that decision is quite a load to drop on someone who only an hour ago learned the Sangreal documents exist.† Teabing sighed. â€Å"I apologize if I am pressing, Miss Neveu. Clearly I have always believed these documents should be made public, but in the end the decision belongs to you. I simply feel it is important that you begin to think about what happens should we succeed in opening the keystone.† â€Å"Gentlemen,† Sophie said, her voice firm. â€Å"To quote your words, ‘You do not find the Grail, the Grail finds you.' I am going to trust that the Grail has found me for a reason, and when the time comes, I will know what to do.† Both of them looked startled. â€Å"So then,† she said, motioning to the rosewood box. â€Å"Let's move on.† CHAPTER 70 Standing in the drawing room of Chateau Villette, Lieutenant Collet watched the dying fire and felt despondent. Captain Fache had arrived moments earlier and was now in the next room, yelling into the phone, trying to coordinate the failed attempt to locate the missing Range Rover. It could be anywhere by now, Collet thought. Having disobeyed Fache's direct orders and lost Langdon for a second time, Collet was grateful that PTS had located a bullet hole in the floor, which at least corroborated Collet's claims that a shot had been fired. Still, Fache's mood was sour, and Collet sensed there would be dire repercussions when the dust settled. Unfortunately, the clues they were turning up here seemed to shed no light at all on what was going on or who was involved. The black Audi outside had been rented in a false name with false credit card numbers, and the prints in the car matched nothing in the Interpol database. Another agent hurried into the living room, his eyes urgent. â€Å"Where's Captain Fache?† Collet barely looked up from the burning embers. â€Å"He's on the phone.† â€Å"I'm off the phone,† Fache snapped, stalking into the room. â€Å"What have you got?† The second agent said,† Sir, Central just heard from Andre Vernet at the Depository Bank of Zurich. He wants to talk to you privately. He is changing his story.† â€Å"Oh?† Fache said. Now Collet looked up. â€Å"Vernet is admitting that Langdon and Neveu spent time inside his bank tonight.† â€Å"We figured that out,† Fache said. â€Å"Why did Vernet lie about it?† â€Å"He said he'll talk only to you, but he's agreed to cooperate fully.† â€Å"In exchange for what?† â€Å"For our keeping his bank's name out of the news and also for helping him recover some stolen property. It sounds like Langdon and Neveu stole something from Sauniere's account.† â€Å"What?† Collet blurted. â€Å"How?† Fache never flinched, his eyes riveted on the second agent. â€Å"What did they steal?† â€Å"Vernet didn't elaborate, but he sounds like he's willing to do anything to get it back.† Collet tried to imagine how this could happen. Maybe Langdon and Neveu had held a bank employee at gunpoint? Maybe they forced Vernet to open Sauniere's account and facilitate an escape in the armored truck. As feasible as it was, Collet was having trouble believing Sophie Neveu could be involved in anything like that. From the kitchen, another agent yelled to Fache. â€Å"Captain? I'm going through Mr. Teabing's speed dial numbers, and I'm on the phone with Le Bourget Airfield. I've got some bad news.† Thirty seconds later, Fache was packing up and preparing to leave Chateau Villette. He had just learned that Teabing kept a private jet nearby at Le Bourget Airfield and that the plane had taken off about a half hour ago. The Bourget representative on the phone had claimed not to know who was on the plane or where it was headed. The takeoff had been unscheduled, and no flight plan had been logged. Highly illegal, even for a small airfield. Fache was certain that by applying the right pressure, he could get the answers he was looking for. â€Å"Lieutenant Collet,† Fache barked, heading for the door. â€Å"I have no choice but to leave you in charge of the PTS investigation here. Try to do something right for a change.† CHAPTER 71 As the Hawker leveled off, with its nose aimed for England, Langdon carefully lifted the rosewood box from his lap, where he had been protecting it during takeoff. Now, as he set the box on the table, he could sense Sophie and Teabing leaning forward with anticipation. Unlatching the lid and opening the box, Langdon turned his attention not to the lettered dials of the cryptex, but rather to the tiny hole on the underside of the box lid. Using the tip of a pen, he carefully removed the inlaid Rose on top and revealed the text beneath it. Sub Rosa, he mused, hoping a fresh look at the text would bring clarity. Focusing all his energies, Langdon studied the strange text. The Da Vinci Code After several seconds, he began to feel the initial frustration resurfacing. â€Å"Leigh, I just can't seem to place it.† From where Sophie was seated across the table, she could not yet see the text, but Langdon's inability to immediately identify the language surprised her. My grandfather spoke a language so obscure that even a symbologist can't identify it? She quickly realized she should not find this surprising. This would not be the first secret Jacques Sauniere had kept from his granddaughter. Opposite Sophie, Leigh Teabing felt ready to burst. Eager for his chance to see the text, he quivered with excitement, leaning in, trying to see around Langdon, who was still hunched over the box. â€Å"I don't know,† Langdon whispered intently. â€Å"My first guess is a Semitic, but now I'm not so sure. Most primary Semitics include nekkudot.This has none.† â€Å"Probably ancient,† Teabing offered. â€Å"Nekkudot?† Sophie inquired. Teabing never took his eyes from the box. â€Å"Most modern Semitic alphabets have no vowels and use nekkudot – tiny dots and dashes written either below or within the consonants – to indicate what vowel sound accompanies them. Historically speaking, nekkudot are a relatively modern addition to language.† Langdon was still hovering over the script. â€Å"A Sephardic transliteration, perhaps†¦ ?† Teabing could bear it no longer. â€Å"Perhaps if I just†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Reaching over, he edged the box away from Langdon and pulled it toward himself. No doubt Langdon had a solid familiarity with the standard ancients – Greek, Latin, the Romances – but from the fleeting glance Teabing had of this language, he thought it looked more specialized, possibly a Rashi script or a STA'M with crowns. Taking a deep breath, Teabing feasted his eyes upon the engraving. He said nothing for a very long time. With each passing second, Teabing felt his confidence deflating. â€Å"I'm astonished,† he said.† This language looks like nothing I've ever seen!† Langdon slumped.† Might I see it?† Sophie asked. Teabing pretended not to hear her. â€Å"Robert, you said earlier that you thought you'd seen something like this before?† Langdon looked vexed. â€Å"I thought so. I'm not sure. The script looks familiar somehow.† â€Å"Leigh?† Sophie repeated, clearly not appreciating being left out of the discussion. â€Å"Might I have a look at the box my grandfather made?† â€Å"Of course, dear,† Teabing said, pushing it over to her. He hadn't meant to sound belittling, and yet Sophie Neveu was light-years out of her league. If a British Royal Historian and a Harvard symbologist could not even identify the language – â€Å"Aah,† Sophie said, seconds after examining the box. â€Å"I should have guessed.† Teabing and Langdon turned in unison, staring at her.† Guessed what?† Teabing demanded. Sophie shrugged. â€Å"Guessed that this would be the language my grandfather would have used.† â€Å"You're saying you can read this text?† Teabing exclaimed.† Quite easily,† Sophie chimed, obviously enjoying herself now. â€Å"My grandfather taught me this language when I was only six years old. I'm fluent.† She leaned across the table and fixed Teabing with an admonishing glare. â€Å"And frankly, sir, considering your allegiance to the Crown, I'm a little surprised you didn't recognize it.† In a flash, Langdon knew. No wonder the script looks so damned familiar! Several years ago, Langdon had attended an event at Harvard's Fogg Museum. Harvard dropout Bill Gates had returned to his alma mater to lend to the museum one of his priceless acquisitions – eighteen sheets of paper he had recently purchased at auction from the Armand Hammar Estate. His winning bid – a cool $30.8 million. The author of the pages – Leonardo Da Vinci. The eighteen folios – now known as Leonardo's Codex Leicester after their famous owner, the Earl of Leicester – were all that remained of one of Leonardo's most fascinating notebooks: essays and drawings outlining Da Vinci's progressive theories on astronomy, geology, archaeology, and hydrology. Langdon would never forget his reaction after waiting in line and finally viewing the priceless parchment. Utter letdown. The pages were unintelligible. Despite being beautifully preserved and written in an impeccably neat penmanship – crimson ink on cream paper – the codex looked like gibberish. At first Langdon thought he could not read them because Da Vinci wrote his notebooks in an archaic Italian. But after studying them more closely, he realized he could not identify a single Italian word, or even one letter. â€Å"Try this, sir,† whispered the female docent at the display case. She motioned to a hand mirror affixed to the display on a chain. Langdon picked it up and examined the text in the mirror's surface. Instantly it was clear. Langdon had been so eager to peruse some of the great thinker's ideas that he had forgotten one of the man's numerous artistic talents was an ability to write in a mirrored script that was virtually illegible to anyone other than himself. Historians still debated whether Da Vinci wrote this way simply to amuse himself or to keep people from peering over his shoulder and stealing his ideas, but the point was moot. Da Vinci did as he pleased. Sophie smiled inwardly to see that Robert understood her meaning. â€Å"I can read the first few words,† she said. â€Å"It's English.† Teabing was still sputtering. â€Å"What's going on?† â€Å"Reverse text,† Langdon said. â€Å"We need a mirror.† â€Å"No we don't,† Sophie said. â€Å"I bet this veneer is thin enough.† She lifted the rosewood box up to a canister light on the wall and began examining the underside of the lid. Her grandfather couldn't actually write in reverse, so he always cheated by writing normally and then flipping the paper over and tracing the reversed impression. Sophie's guess was that he had wood-burned normal text into a block of wood and then run the back of the block through a sander until the wood was paper thin and the wood-burning could be seen through the wood. Then he'd simply flipped the piece over, and laid it in. As Sophie moved the lid closer to the light, she saw she was right. The bright beam sifted through the thin layer of wood, and the script appeared in reverse on the underside of the lid. Instantly legible.† English,† Teabing croaked, hanging his head in shame. â€Å"My native tongue.† At the rear of the plane, Remy Legaludec strained to hear beyond the rumbling engines, but the conversation up front was inaudible. Remy did not like the way the night was progressing. Not at all. He looked down at the bound monk at his feet. The man lay perfectly still now, as if in a trance of acceptance, or perhaps, in silent prayer for deliverance. CHAPTER 72 Fifteen thousand feet in the air, Robert Langdon felt the physical world fade away as all of his thoughts converged on Sauniere's mirror-image poem, which was illuminated through the lid of the box. The Da Vinci Code Sophie quickly found some paper and copied it down longhand. When she was done, the three of them took turns reading the text. It was like some kind of archaeological crossword†¦ a riddle that promised to reveal how to open the cryptex. Langdon read the verse slowly. An ancient word of wisdom frees this scroll†¦ and helps us keep her scatter'd family whole†¦ a headstone praised by templars is the key†¦ and at bash will reveal the truth to thee. Before Langdon could even ponder what ancient password the verse was trying to reveal, he felt something far more fundamental resonate within him – the meter of the poem. Iambic pentameter. Langdon had come across this meter often over the years while researching secret societies across Europe, including just last year in the Vatican Secret Archives. For centuries, iambic pentameter had been a preferred poetic meter of outspoken literati across the globe, from the ancient Greek writer Archilochus to Shakespeare, Milton, Chaucer, and Voltaire – bold souls who chose to write their social commentaries in a meter that many of the day believed had mystical properties. The roots of iambic pentameter were deeply pagan. Iambs. Two syllables with opposite emphasis. Stressed and unstressed. Yin yang. A balanced pair. Arranged in strings of five. Pentameter. Five for the pentacle of Venus and the sacred feminine. â€Å"It's pentameter!† Teabing blurted, turning to Langdon. â€Å"And the verse is in English! La lingua pura!† Langdon nodded. The Priory, like many European secret societies at odds with the Church, had considered English the only European pure language for centuries. Unlike French, Spanish, and Italian, which were rooted in Latin – the tongue of the Vatican – English was linguistically removed from Rome's propaganda machine, and therefore became a sacred, secret tongue for those brotherhoods educated enough to learn it. â€Å"This poem,† Teabing gushed,† references not only the Grail, but the Knights Templar and the scattered family of Mary Magdalene! What more could we ask for?† â€Å"The password,† Sophie said, looking again at the poem. â€Å"It sounds like we need some kind of ancient word of wisdom?† â€Å"Abracadabra?† Teabing ventured, his eyes twinkling. A word of five letters, Langdon thought, pondering the staggering number of ancient words that might be considered words of wisdom – selections from mystic chants, astrological prophecies, secret society inductions, Wicca incantations, Egyptian magic spells, pagan mantras – the list was endless. â€Å"The password,† Sophie said, â€Å"appears to have something to do with the Templars.† She read the text aloud. † ‘A headstone praised by Templars is the key. ‘† â€Å"Leigh,† Langdon said, â€Å"you're the Templar specialist. Any ideas?† Teabing was silent for several seconds and then sighed. â€Å"Well, a headstone is obviously a grave marker of some sort. It's possible the poem is referencing a gravestone the Templars praised at the tomb of Magdalene, but that doesn't help us much because we have no idea where her tomb is.† â€Å"The last line,† Sophie said,† says that Atbash will reveal the truth. I've heard that word. Atbash.† â€Å"I'm not surprised,† Langdon replied. â€Å"You probably heard it in Cryptology 101. The Atbash Cipher is one of the oldest codes known to man.† Of course! Sophie thought. The famous Hebrew encoding system. The Atbash Cipher had indeed been part of Sophie's early cryptology training. The cipher dated back to 500 B. C. and was now used as a classroom example of a basic rotational substitution scheme. A common form of Jewish cryptogram, the Atbash Cipher was a simple substitution code based on the twenty-two-letter Hebrew alphabet. In Atbash, the first letter was substituted by the last letter, the second letter by the next to last letter, and so on. â€Å"Atbash is sublimely appropriate,† Teabing said. â€Å"Text encrypted with Atbash is found throughout the Kabbala, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and even the Old Testament. Jewish scholars and mystics are stillfinding hidden meanings using Atbash. The Priory certainly would include the Atbash Cipher as part of their teachings.† â€Å"The only problem,† Langdon said,† is that we don't have anything on which to apply the cipher.† Teabing sighed. â€Å"There must be a code word on the headstone. We must find this headstone praised by Templars.† Sophie sensed from the grim look on Langdon's face that finding the Templar headstone would be no small feat. Atbash is the key, Sophie thought. But we don't have a door. It was three minutes later that Teabing heaved a frustrated sigh and shook his head. â€Å"My friends, I'm stymied. Let me ponder this while I get us some nibblies and check on Remy and our guest.† He stood up and headed for the back of the plane. Sophie felt tired as she watched him go. Outside the window, the blackness of the predawn was absolute. Sophie felt as if she were being hurtled through space with no idea where she would land. Having grown up solving her grandfather's riddles, she had the uneasy sense right now that this poem before them contained information they still had not seen. There is more there, she told herself. Ingeniously hidden†¦ but present nonetheless. Also plaguing her thoughts was a fear that what they eventually found inside this cryptex would not be as simple as† a map to the Holy Grail.† Despite Teabing's and Langdon's confidence that the truth lay just within the marble cylinder, Sophie had solved enough of her grandfather's treasure hunts to know that Jacques Sauniere did not give up his secrets easily.

Elements Of Irony In Native Son Essay

Elements of Irony in Native Son Native Son paints a disturbing, harsh picture of life within the â€Å"Black Belt† of Chicago in the 1940s. Wright uses irony; sometimes subtly and at other times obviously to shape the view of the reader and as a foreshadowing mechanism. From our initial scene to Bigger’s death, the technique of irony employed by Wright is effective, and devastating. Our initial symbol which foreshadows the fate of our protagonist is the â€Å"huge black rat† (5). The rat represents the feelings which Wright explores within Bigger. The rat is killed right away, before it really has a chance, yet it is able to attack Bigger before it is destroyed. By attacking instead of fleeing, the rat is caught and destroyed, much like Bigger as the novel progresses. Much like the rat, Bigger teeters between the predatory (the initial response to the rat) and the hunted (the rat as killed by Bigger). The fact that the rat is destroyed by Bigger makes this scene even more ironic. The idea of blindness permeates the novel in several ways. We can see the psychological and emotional blindness of Bigger, the blindness to reality by the hyper-religious Ma, and the blindness to the real role and ideals of the Communist party by both Jan and Mary. Perhaps the best use of irony is the physical blindness of Mrs. Dalton. Mrs. Dalton is the epitome of blind; she has very sensitive senses (she notices the smell of alcohol in Mary’s room, saying: â€Å"You’re dead drunk! You stink with whiskey! † (86)) but she is unable to see Bigger killing her daughter. Her extra sensitive hearing and lack of sight give Bigger the reason and opportunity to smother Mary. Yet, the true irony falls into the situation surrounding Mr. and Mrs. Dalton’s participation with groups such as the NAACP. While they believe that contributions of ping pong tables to inner city youth will help, their insulting charity to Bigger, coupled with Mr. Dalton’s excessive rent charges, ultimately causes the death of their daughter. Bigger is the most ironic element of the entire novel. From his name, we expect this character to make something out of himself, to escape from the ghettoes of Chicago and end up rich, successful and important. Wright does not allow this. The idea that Bigger will be destroyed is planted into his own head and into the readers right away. The naming of this character is a clever device utilized by Wright, though it’s irony is bitter. Bigger is not ironic simply due to his name. His actions also represent a sort of sick irony. Perhaps the saddest, sickest display of this is the rape of Bessie. While we are uncertain, and it would be impossible to prove that Bigger raped Mary prior to killing and decapitating her, by raping and murdering Bessie, a portrait of Bigger as the violent monster is created. This is important because it not only shapes the view of the public within the novel, but also that of the reader. Wright changes the tone stating: â€Å"He had done this. He had brought all this about† (239). Wright seems to do this for a reason, to illustrate how easy it is for the opinion of Bigger to shift, but also to show what a man is capable of when it is expected of him. The irony is that Bigger has, in effect, done himself in by murdering and raping Bessie. He believes that by killing her and tossing her body down the air shaft he shall escape, though just the opposite occurs. Ma represents a religious and foreshadowing irony that follows her character throughout Native Son. When she warns Bigger that â€Å"the gallows is at the end of the road [he] is traveling†, she is foreshadowing the fate of her son by the end of the novel (9). She tells Bigger to acknowledge his manhood by killing (the rat), which manifests into his killing Bessie. Through religion, however, we see the most obvious and devastating irony represented by Ma. She attempts to pray for the soul of her son, and gives him a wooden cross to wear around his neck. This cross, particularly due to its construction, appears identical to the burning cross of the Klu Klux Klan which Bigger sees out his jail cell window. Ma has effectively turned Bigger away from Christianity forever, in spite of her desire to do nothing other than save her son’s soul. Bigger ends up feeling that he â€Å"can die without a cross.. . [that he] ain’t got no soul! † (338) Irony follows Bigger throughout his life, and ultimately in his death. The introduction of Boris A. Max in Native Son represents a change; this is the first time Bigger has been able to explore some of his feelings, and with a white Jewish man! It is important to look at Max as a Communist and a Jew, because this makes him suspect in the eyes of popular opinion. Max is able to ask Bigger questions which are uncomfortable, but which make him think, which finally make him a man. Max states: â€Å"You’re human, Bigger† (424). This is the only time that anyone really says anything of this sort to Bigger. Bigger recognizes this and makes point of it, ironically, as he is about to be put to death. It is a difficult and important change which Wright employs at this point. Bigger Thomas was doomed from the beginning of the novel. We could see this foreshadowed by the rat, we could quickly sense the irony in his name and his very being. The world in which Bigger Thomas lived was cruel, unyielding in its destruction. We learn early that Bigger could not beat his fate, and we can see this in David Buckley. The district attorney is able to defeat Bigger and gain public acceptance by putting him to death. There is an ironic twist, if we look back to the beginning of the novel. We can see Bigger reading a sign with Buckley’s picture and the slogan, â€Å"YOU CAN’T WIN! † (13). Sadly, we find this to be true, with Bigger Thomas’s death by the novel’s end. Work Cited Wright, Richard. Native Son.

Immigration Of The United States - 1299 Words

In order for the United States to meet the needs of the economy, the government should issue more visas to immigrants. It can lead to a positive impact on the economy. Many immigrants face difficulties in their home country due to corruption, poverty, financial circumstances and lack necessities such as jobs and money. As a result, immigrants move to America in search of a prosperous life where they can provide for themselves and also for family if needed. Today, immigration remains a major concern for the U.S. and several perspectives have been developed over the situation. Issuing more visas can help contribute to the growth of the economy. America is also the â€Å"land of opportunities† so it is the country s duty to provide for those in†¦show more content†¦For California, the estimated impact is $904 million; Illinois, $347 million; and New York, $184 million.† If immigrants are granted their visas and are able to work, they are likely to receive Graham 2 health care through their employer which mean they would not need to rely on health services. Few believe that immigrants can put a drain on government programs but the fact that states would not need to spend much money while immigrants work defeats that argument. Since the late 1800s to the 1920s, immigrants have been coming into America searching for better lives. America was always a symbol of freedom and great opportunities. The Statue of Liberty lays out the duties of America to all the people in the world. Engraved on the statue it states â€Å"Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.This verse symbolizes the openness of America to all kinds of people and their willingness to create a new life for them. â€Å"Because of the open-minded immigration movement upon which this country was built, the immigration laws of the past proved more inviting and simplistic than the vast panoply of current regulations and procedures.† according to Trent R. Hightower, author of â€Å"An Analysis of the Current State of United States Immigration Law, and Possible Changes on the Horizon†. Prior to new immigration laws, individuals were able to enter the U.S without any restrictions. By the nineteenth century the US turned away many